图（a）-（c）显示了V00、V10 和 V20焊后热处理碳膜复型样品枝晶干区域的TEM明场图像。 可以看出，在图像中观察到不同形状的大析出物。 此外，从红色虚线圆圈表示的析出相中获得的选区衍射表明大条形和椭圆形碳化物是具有正交结构的M₃C碳化物。 此外，高角环形暗场图像和相应的能谱分析表明这些大的M₃C碳化物主要富含 Fe、Cr 和 Mn，如图（d）-（g）所示。

Fig (a)–(c) show the TEM BF images taken from DC regions of V00, V10, and V20 PWHT carbon extraction replicas. It could be seen that the large precipitates were observed in the image with different shapes. Furthermore, the SAEDs obtained from precipitates indicated by the dashed red circles indicated that the large strip-shaped and ellipsoid-shaped carbides were M₃C with orthorhombic structure. In addition, the HAADF–STEM images and corresponding STEM–EDS elemental mappings revealed that these large M₃C carbides were mainly enriched with Fe, Cr, and Mn, as shown in Fig (d)–(g).