Eye is a complex organ with unique anatomy and physiology. The structure of eye can be divided into two main parts: anterior segment and posterior segment. Due to the special structure of the eye and the defects of the traditional medicine treatment, the search for a new type of ophthalmic drug delivery technology has drawn more and more attentions. Recently many kinds of ophthalmic drug delivery technologies with high drug delivery efficacy and good biocompatibility have been constructed to treat eye diseases. Hydrogels are generally used as a carrier of bioadhesive macromolecules to increase the viscosity of the drug formulation and prolong the residence time of the drug in the eye, thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug. This review will discuss the recent progress in ophthalmic drug delivery systems and applications.