经碱式过氧化氢（AHP法）处理的ZrO₂纳米颗粒在5微米尺度下的TEM图像

所谓AHP法，即在极端碱性条件下，首先采用水热法得到ZrO₂的浆液。然后对制备的料浆在碱性过氧化氢中处理，使羟基在ZrO₂ NPs表面生长。首先，碱式碳酸锆在pH = 13的碱性环境中通过水解和缩合反应生成了−Zr−O−Zr−网络。H2O2产生的过羟基阴离子(HOO−)促进了碱性环境中ZrO₂ NPs表面羟基的生长。之后，Zr-O-Na的结构在酸性环境中被H⁺交换形成Zr-OH键。

TEM images of ZrO₂ nanoparticles treated with basic hydrogen peroxide (AHP) at 5 micron scale

A two-step procedure is applied in this work to synthesize the ZrO₂ aqueous nanodispersion. A slurry of ZrO₂ was first obtained from a hydrothermal process under extreme alkaline condition. The as-prepared slurry was then treated with AHP treatment to allow the growth of hydroxyl groups on ZrO₂ NPs surface. First, the growth of−Zr−O−Zr−networks from hydrolysis and condensation reaction of zirconium (IV) carbonate basic in the alkaline environment of pH = 13. Second, the perhydroxyl anion (HOO−) produced by H₂O₂ promoted the growth of ZrO₂ NPs surface hydroxyl groups in alkaline environment. Later, the structure of Zr-O-Na could be exchanged by H⁺ and to form Zr-OH bonds in the acid environment