目前国内外车轴钢坯料的制备主要采用电炉或转炉冶炼，轧制或锻造成材。高速列车所用车轴是列车关键承重部件之一，由于涉及运行过程的绝对安全，因此对车轴材质要求绝对稳定可靠。为保证高速列车的安全运行，轴坯材质必须满足高均质、高致密、高纯净、高稳定性的要求。但采用电炉或转炉冶炼生产的车轴钢坯，无法保证内部无大颗粒夹杂、组织成分高度均匀。故在推进国产化进程中，轴坯质量不稳定成为制约性因素，必须采用新的冶炼工艺以保证。

采用电渣重熔工艺，电极坯重新熔化经过“渣洗”净化后，钢中非金属夹杂物数量减少、尺寸小且基本呈圆球状，从而获得高纯净度的坯料。另外，电渣重熔过程是“边熔化边凝固”，可以达到优化凝固组织的目的，从而提高轴坯的致密度，保证车轴的质量安全。

采用电渣工艺制备高速车轴坯料在国内尚未有相关资料报道，该方法属于国内首创。

At present, the preparation of axle steel billet at home and abroad mainly adopts electric furnace or converter smelting, rolling or forging. The axle used in high-speed train is one of the key load-bearing components of the train. Because it involves the absolute safety of the operation process, the axle material is required to be absolutely stable and reliable. In order to ensure the safe operation of high-speed train, the material of axle blank must meet the requirements of high homogeneity, high density, high purity and high stability. However, the axle billet produced by electric furnace or converter can not ensure that there are no large particle inclusions and the microstructure and composition are highly uniform. Therefore, in the process of promoting localization, the unstable quality of shaft blank has become a restrictive factor, and new smelting process must be adopted to ensure the quality.

The electrode blank is remelted by ESR process. After "slag washing" purification, the number of non-metallic inclusions in the steel is reduced, the size is small and basically spherical, so as to obtain the blank with high purity. In addition, the ESR process is "solidification while melting", which can optimize the solidification structure, improve the density of axle blank and ensure the quality and safety of axle.

The preparation of high-speed axle blank by ESR has not been reported in China, and this method is the first in China.